LICENSING AND ITS TYPES

What is licensing ?

- Agreement or contract between software publisher and end user
- Also called EULA (End user license agreement)
- Protects copyright by placing restriction in use of software
- Restrictions like duplication , modification , Using for other purpose , Redistribution etc.
- Restricts reverse engineering and piracy
- kind of disclaimer and it approves that publisher is not liable for any kind of harm from software
- Some use shrinkwrap as license acceptance some as clickwrap
- Shrinkwrap is like forceful licensing ,If seal broken Non returnable
- Invalid licensing
- In Clickwrap ,license embeded in software itself , User can abort installation if he doesn't agree with terms
- Many types of licensing
- Freeware is less restrictive as compared to shareware/Retail softwares
- Shareware gives freedom to unlimited download but restrict the modification in software
- in public domain license , No restriction is posed , All products belongs to public not a particular vendor

Types of licensing:

- Licensing is a legally binding agreement which specifies the term of use of application and defines right of software producer and end user
- All software must be legally licensed before installation
- 3 types
a) Based on mode of contract
- Negotiable
- Non-negotiable
- Shrink wrap
- click wrap
b) Based on relation between parties
- Developer publisher
-- Publisher distributor
c) Based on freedom of use
- proprietary
- Free license
- Open source license
- Workstation
- perpetual 
- Non perpetual
- site license
- Concurrent use
- license with maintenance

Based On Freedom :

a)Proprietary License :

- Most softwares are proprietary
- Publisher grants one/more copies to the user but ownership of these copies remains to publisher
- user must accept license before using
- Most restrictive form of license
- User have no right to modify , copy , Redistribute
- All right to copyright holder , limited right to users
- closed source
- May be free or paid
- eg: Microsoft windows , adobe photoshop , Maya , FIFA , GTA vice city etc.

b)Free/Open source license(mainly GnuGPL but other too):

- More freedom than proprietary
- No copyright laws
- Matter of freedom instead price
- Ownership not limited to publisher
- Less restrictive
- license do'not restrict users from use in any way
- Mostly free
- Credit must given to original developer if modified
- No personal ownership
- Anyone can modify source code

2 types:
Copyleft and permissive free software license

GNUGPL:
- Defines free and open source licensing guidelines
- May change source code but refinement must be licensed under GNUGPL
- eg: hami vlc media player ko code edit garera Different version banayera distribute garna sakchhau , but license chai gnuGPL mai garnupar6
- also called free/copyleft license
- May be free or paid
- GNU : Gnu's not unix , Founder richard stallman
- Linux , VLc etc are licensed under GNUGPL

**more about free and open source license in chapter 2 , 'll post soon**

d)Workstation license: 
- Permits installation of application in single pc 
- You may not install app on more machine until purchasing license for each machine
- user can make backup of software only for recovery

e)concurrent use license:

- You can use in multiple pc as long as it doesn't exceed number of license which u have purchased
- used in license manager

f)Site license: 
- only for use in particular sites like school,university,Research center etc.

g) Perpetual license:
- License without expiration 
- No need to pay fees 
- Forever license

h)Non-Perpetual:
- Lease software for particulat period of time
- It may be annual,bi-annual 
- If date ceased , need to pay fee
- Software must removed after date

i) License with maintainance:
- Must purchase maintainance
- pay assurance fee with license fee

B)Based on Mode of contract:

a)negotiable : Both parties negotiate to make valid contract
b)Non-negotiable : Predefined terms and condition
c)Shrink-wrap : Software bundled with plastic seal
d)Click-wrap: EULA embeded in Software itself

C)Based on Relation between parties:

a) Developer-publisher: Negotiation between developer and publisher , about royalty issues
b) Publisher-distributor: Where to distribute , How to distribute , About profit sharing

Thanks ,,,,Hit Like for support ..
Lau dude haru ramrosanga padha